Volcanoes
They happen when pressure builds up inside the earth causing hot molten rock from earth’s mantle to push through the surface. Volcanoes are so powerful that large eruptions can oven effect the climate on a global scale.
When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, so much ash was thrown up into the atmosphere that the clouds blocked out the sun rays and lowered the global temperature by one degree Celsius for several months.
The simplest is a cinder cone formed when ash is in cinders; when ashes and cinders are blown out of a single vent quickly form a small cone-shaped mountain.
Similar to the cinder cone is the composite or strato volcano. Strato’s form at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate is pushed under or sub ducted under the other, the sub ducted plate melts into the magma, which is up forced up to the surface through multiple cracks, or vents in the crust the lava from a strato volcano, is very thick and slow moving. The viscous lava hardens inside the vent, and pockets of gas get trapped inside causing mudslides and mounds of molten ash called pyrocalastic flows.
Lava and ash pour out of the crater and solidify to form a steep sided cone that gets bigger and steeper after each eruption.
This is what when learnt on volcanoes in science class.
Sunday, November 16, 2008
words to know about volcanoes
Words to know about volcanoes
Crust = Thin semi-rigid outer surface of planet earth.
Mantle = Semi-molten region of rock beneath the crust.
Convection Current = Movement in liquid or gas due to heating.
Core = Solid centre of the earth.
Tectonic plates = Defined area of crust that moves as a whole.
Erosion Cycle = Break-up, transport and deposition of rock material.
Weathering = The breakdown of rock due to physical and chemical reactions.
Meteorite = Rock from space that hits the planets surface.
Glacier = River of solid water, as the huge mass slowly moves forward under the force of gravity.
Lava = Liquid rock (magma) that flows from volcano.
Crust = Thin semi-rigid outer surface of planet earth.
Mantle = Semi-molten region of rock beneath the crust.
Convection Current = Movement in liquid or gas due to heating.
Core = Solid centre of the earth.
Tectonic plates = Defined area of crust that moves as a whole.
Erosion Cycle = Break-up, transport and deposition of rock material.
Weathering = The breakdown of rock due to physical and chemical reactions.
Meteorite = Rock from space that hits the planets surface.
Glacier = River of solid water, as the huge mass slowly moves forward under the force of gravity.
Lava = Liquid rock (magma) that flows from volcano.
Explosive and gentle eruptions
Explosive and gentle eruptions
Explosive volcanoes usually have thick viscous magma, which comes from melted crust or from the mantle. The slow-flowing magma often solidifies and blocks the vent. The pressure builds up beneath the vent because of heating and gas expansion. Eventually it blows out the solidified rock in an explosion.
Gassy lava froths out of vents and hurtles down the steep volcanic slopes as clouds of molten ash engulfing everything in its path.
Dense clouds of hot ash and gases rise up into the atmosphere. Winds spread ash over large areas, killing plant and animal life. The clouds contain steam, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gases which add to atmosphere pollution.
Blobs of lava are often thrown up into the air by the explosion. They are called lava bombs and some cool into tear-drop shaped rocks.
Lahar (mudflows) occurs when ice on the slopes of a volcano melts and muddy slush is swept down the valleys.
Volcanoes that erupt gently ooze steams of runny, red-hot basalt lava. This lava spreads out across the landscape at speeds of up to 50km/hr.
Basalt magma comes from melted mantle rock deep inside earth as it is less viscous this type of magma does not tend to block volcano vents causing large explosions. Basalt lava volcanoes do have smaller volcanic explosions that may eject red hot lava bombs.
Explosive volcanoes usually have thick viscous magma, which comes from melted crust or from the mantle. The slow-flowing magma often solidifies and blocks the vent. The pressure builds up beneath the vent because of heating and gas expansion. Eventually it blows out the solidified rock in an explosion.
Gassy lava froths out of vents and hurtles down the steep volcanic slopes as clouds of molten ash engulfing everything in its path.
Dense clouds of hot ash and gases rise up into the atmosphere. Winds spread ash over large areas, killing plant and animal life. The clouds contain steam, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gases which add to atmosphere pollution.
Blobs of lava are often thrown up into the air by the explosion. They are called lava bombs and some cool into tear-drop shaped rocks.
Lahar (mudflows) occurs when ice on the slopes of a volcano melts and muddy slush is swept down the valleys.
Volcanoes that erupt gently ooze steams of runny, red-hot basalt lava. This lava spreads out across the landscape at speeds of up to 50km/hr.
Basalt magma comes from melted mantle rock deep inside earth as it is less viscous this type of magma does not tend to block volcano vents causing large explosions. Basalt lava volcanoes do have smaller volcanic explosions that may eject red hot lava bombs.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes:
Earthquakes waves rapidly transport energy away from the focus, radiating out like ripples in a pond when a stone is thrown in, three important types of waves and they travel and different speeds.
First come the primary or compression P-wave. These squeeze the stretch the rock as they pass through at about 8kms-1.
Next come the secondary or shearing S-waves which make the crust shake side ways and up and down as they radiate at about 5kms-1. Liquids absorb S-waves.
The last waves to be felt are the L-waves which travel about 4kms-1 they cause the most damage because they only travel near the surface of the crust. Depending on the nature of the crust, L-waves can make the ground roll like and ocean beneath your feet.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes:
Earthquakes waves rapidly transport energy away from the focus, radiating out like ripples in a pond when a stone is thrown in, three important types of waves and they travel and different speeds.
First come the primary or compression P-wave. These squeeze the stretch the rock as they pass through at about 8kms-1.
Next come the secondary or shearing S-waves which make the crust shake side ways and up and down as they radiate at about 5kms-1. Liquids absorb S-waves.
The last waves to be felt are the L-waves which travel about 4kms-1 they cause the most damage because they only travel near the surface of the crust. Depending on the nature of the crust, L-waves can make the ground roll like and ocean beneath your feet.
Maori legend of Mt Egmont
Maori legend of Mt Egmont
Long, long ago there was a mighty, battle between Tongariro and Taranaki over Pihanga, the rounded eastern buttress of the kakaramea range (and once also a active volcano). Taranaki, the loser was forced to leave in order that peace be restored. Wild with grief ad anger he plunged towards the setting sun tearing a long deep wound in the earth behind him. A stream of water sprang from the side of Tongariro to heal the wound and now a green forest grows in the valley of the Whangnui River.
Long, long ago there was a mighty, battle between Tongariro and Taranaki over Pihanga, the rounded eastern buttress of the kakaramea range (and once also a active volcano). Taranaki, the loser was forced to leave in order that peace be restored. Wild with grief ad anger he plunged towards the setting sun tearing a long deep wound in the earth behind him. A stream of water sprang from the side of Tongariro to heal the wound and now a green forest grows in the valley of the Whangnui River.
a good monolouge
Writing a monologue:
START LATE – THE HOOK
Start at the middle or at the end.
START FAST – THE GRAB
Keep it quick and simple
TELL A STORY – THE HEART
Why you are talking what you feel has a beginning middle and end
BULID A CHARACTER – THE SOUL
Hopes dreams disappointment, who is this person role on the wall
BULID YOUR WORLD – THE COLOUR
How the see and feel there worlds spend there time there life.
BULID YOUR RHYTHEMS – THE MUSIC
Build up expand change sound and look.
READ ALOUD – THE SOUND
Sound natural does it flow what changes are made.
REWRITE. THEN REWRITE AGAIN – THE FURY
Addons and certain actions
MAKE EVERY WORD COUNT – THE EDIT
1000 words max contrary emotion.
BRING IT HOME – THE END
Start finish on the same words/ posture needs movement and sound.
START LATE – THE HOOK
Start at the middle or at the end.
START FAST – THE GRAB
Keep it quick and simple
TELL A STORY – THE HEART
Why you are talking what you feel has a beginning middle and end
BULID A CHARACTER – THE SOUL
Hopes dreams disappointment, who is this person role on the wall
BULID YOUR WORLD – THE COLOUR
How the see and feel there worlds spend there time there life.
BULID YOUR RHYTHEMS – THE MUSIC
Build up expand change sound and look.
READ ALOUD – THE SOUND
Sound natural does it flow what changes are made.
REWRITE. THEN REWRITE AGAIN – THE FURY
Addons and certain actions
MAKE EVERY WORD COUNT – THE EDIT
1000 words max contrary emotion.
BRING IT HOME – THE END
Start finish on the same words/ posture needs movement and sound.
my monolouge
Monologue:
I had done it!
The flowing music of the last gymnast stopped and the faint blep of the electronic board signaled the score was up.
I had been to tournaments before and got gold, but they didn’t matter now, this was the Olympics and bringing back the goal for Russia was all that was important.
I gathered my courage, to lift my head, which for some reason felt as heavy as a stone slowly I glanced towards the board but before I could deceiver the numbers written on it my coach Vera was up and cheering.
Had I done it!
I wasn’t really sure on what had happened until she screamed we had done it and soon we were up and cheering together.
The next thing I new I was standing proud and tall on the podium, I sung along to my national anthem with tears in my eyes and a gold around my neck, I had done it I was bring back gold for Russia for my country they would be proud.
I had done it!
I had done it!
The flowing music of the last gymnast stopped and the faint blep of the electronic board signaled the score was up.
I had been to tournaments before and got gold, but they didn’t matter now, this was the Olympics and bringing back the goal for Russia was all that was important.
I gathered my courage, to lift my head, which for some reason felt as heavy as a stone slowly I glanced towards the board but before I could deceiver the numbers written on it my coach Vera was up and cheering.
Had I done it!
I wasn’t really sure on what had happened until she screamed we had done it and soon we were up and cheering together.
The next thing I new I was standing proud and tall on the podium, I sung along to my national anthem with tears in my eyes and a gold around my neck, I had done it I was bring back gold for Russia for my country they would be proud.
I had done it!
Speech
My speech:
My Speech is on a girl who in December and January of 2006, had surgery to cut a 10kg tumor off her face, she was fourteen years old!
Marlie Casseus developed a lump on the side of her cheek at the age of eight, eventually this tumor spread over her entire face stopping her from eating, talking as well as making her go blind and deaf.
When Marlie Casseus was born in Haiti she was completely normal but around the age of two when most children started to talk Marlie did not.
At the eight Marlies mother noticed a lump on her left cheek, but it was so small at that point Marlies mother did not think she needed to see a doctor.
The lump grew bigger and bigger and not only did Marlies face become lopsided but many of her left teeth fell out.
Over the next few years the growth became huge. I spread under the skin of Marlies mouth, cheek bone, nose and left eye.
When Marlie was 12 her and her mother took a long bus ride out to a rural town to see some doctors visiting from France, Marlies mother hoped they would be able to help Marlie but these doctors never showed up.
Many of the hospitals and clinics Marlies mother went to could not do anything to help Marlies condition and her mother was told to focus on her other children because there was no hope for Marlie for she wouldn’t live much longer.
To make things worst for Marlie children and adults alike would point and laugh when they saw her, and in the end Marlies father took down all the mirrors in the house.
In 2005 Marlies father saw twin sisters who ran a non-profit organization that helps poor Haitian children. When they came to visit Marlie they offered to pay for Marlie and her mother to go to America and get the medical care she deserved and needed.
When Marlie and her mother got to Miami the doctors diagnosed her with a rare disease called polyostaric fibrous dysplasia, which was the cause of the bones in Marlies face to swell and become jelly like.
In December and January of 2006 Marlie Cassous had surgery to cut off the 10kg tumor that had been growing on her face for six year, since then Marlie has three more surgeries to reconstured her face.
Although Maries face is still distorted she no longer see the reason to hide from people anymore. This is something we can all learn from Marlie that as long as your happy with yourself know one else’s opinion should matter.
My Speech is on a girl who in December and January of 2006, had surgery to cut a 10kg tumor off her face, she was fourteen years old!
Marlie Casseus developed a lump on the side of her cheek at the age of eight, eventually this tumor spread over her entire face stopping her from eating, talking as well as making her go blind and deaf.
When Marlie Casseus was born in Haiti she was completely normal but around the age of two when most children started to talk Marlie did not.
At the eight Marlies mother noticed a lump on her left cheek, but it was so small at that point Marlies mother did not think she needed to see a doctor.
The lump grew bigger and bigger and not only did Marlies face become lopsided but many of her left teeth fell out.
Over the next few years the growth became huge. I spread under the skin of Marlies mouth, cheek bone, nose and left eye.
When Marlie was 12 her and her mother took a long bus ride out to a rural town to see some doctors visiting from France, Marlies mother hoped they would be able to help Marlie but these doctors never showed up.
Many of the hospitals and clinics Marlies mother went to could not do anything to help Marlies condition and her mother was told to focus on her other children because there was no hope for Marlie for she wouldn’t live much longer.
To make things worst for Marlie children and adults alike would point and laugh when they saw her, and in the end Marlies father took down all the mirrors in the house.
In 2005 Marlies father saw twin sisters who ran a non-profit organization that helps poor Haitian children. When they came to visit Marlie they offered to pay for Marlie and her mother to go to America and get the medical care she deserved and needed.
When Marlie and her mother got to Miami the doctors diagnosed her with a rare disease called polyostaric fibrous dysplasia, which was the cause of the bones in Marlies face to swell and become jelly like.
In December and January of 2006 Marlie Cassous had surgery to cut off the 10kg tumor that had been growing on her face for six year, since then Marlie has three more surgeries to reconstured her face.
Although Maries face is still distorted she no longer see the reason to hide from people anymore. This is something we can all learn from Marlie that as long as your happy with yourself know one else’s opinion should matter.
Speech
My speech:
My Speech is on a girl who in December and January of 2006, had surgery to cut a 10kg tumor off her face, she was fourteen years old!
Marlie Casseus developed a lump on the side of her cheek at the age of eight, eventually this tumor spread over her entire face stopping her from eating, talking as well as making her go blind and deaf.
When Marlie Casseus was born in Haiti she was completely normal but around the age of two when most children started to talk Marlie did not.
At the eight Marlies mother noticed a lump on her left cheek, but it was so small at that point Marlies mother did not think she needed to see a doctor.
The lump grew bigger and bigger and not only did Marlies face become lopsided but many of her left teeth fell out.
Over the next few years the growth became huge. I spread under the skin of Marlies mouth, cheek bone, nose and left eye.
When Marlie was 12 her and her mother took a long bus ride out to a rural town to see some doctors visiting from France, Marlies mother hoped they would be able to help Marlie but these doctors never showed up.
Many of the hospitals and clinics Marlies mother went to could not do anything to help Marlies condition and her mother was told to focus on her other children because there was no hope for Marlie for she wouldn’t live much longer.
To make things worst for Marlie children and adults alike would point and laugh when they saw her, and in the end Marlies father took down all the mirrors in the house.
In 2005 Marlies father saw twin sisters who ran a non-profit organization that helps poor Haitian children. When they came to visit Marlie they offered to pay for Marlie and her mother to go to America and get the medical care she deserved and needed.
When Marlie and her mother got to Miami the doctors diagnosed her with a rare disease called polyostaric fibrous dysplasia, which was the cause of the bones in Marlies face to swell and become jelly like.
In December and January of 2006 Marlie Cassous had surgery to cut off the 10kg tumor that had been growing on her face for six year, since then Marlie has three more surgeries to reconstured her face.
Although Maries face is still distorted she no longer see the reason to hide from people anymore. This is something we can all learn from Marlie that as long as your happy with yourself know one else’s opinion should matter.
My Speech is on a girl who in December and January of 2006, had surgery to cut a 10kg tumor off her face, she was fourteen years old!
Marlie Casseus developed a lump on the side of her cheek at the age of eight, eventually this tumor spread over her entire face stopping her from eating, talking as well as making her go blind and deaf.
When Marlie Casseus was born in Haiti she was completely normal but around the age of two when most children started to talk Marlie did not.
At the eight Marlies mother noticed a lump on her left cheek, but it was so small at that point Marlies mother did not think she needed to see a doctor.
The lump grew bigger and bigger and not only did Marlies face become lopsided but many of her left teeth fell out.
Over the next few years the growth became huge. I spread under the skin of Marlies mouth, cheek bone, nose and left eye.
When Marlie was 12 her and her mother took a long bus ride out to a rural town to see some doctors visiting from France, Marlies mother hoped they would be able to help Marlie but these doctors never showed up.
Many of the hospitals and clinics Marlies mother went to could not do anything to help Marlies condition and her mother was told to focus on her other children because there was no hope for Marlie for she wouldn’t live much longer.
To make things worst for Marlie children and adults alike would point and laugh when they saw her, and in the end Marlies father took down all the mirrors in the house.
In 2005 Marlies father saw twin sisters who ran a non-profit organization that helps poor Haitian children. When they came to visit Marlie they offered to pay for Marlie and her mother to go to America and get the medical care she deserved and needed.
When Marlie and her mother got to Miami the doctors diagnosed her with a rare disease called polyostaric fibrous dysplasia, which was the cause of the bones in Marlies face to swell and become jelly like.
In December and January of 2006 Marlie Cassous had surgery to cut off the 10kg tumor that had been growing on her face for six year, since then Marlie has three more surgeries to reconstured her face.
Although Maries face is still distorted she no longer see the reason to hide from people anymore. This is something we can all learn from Marlie that as long as your happy with yourself know one else’s opinion should matter.
my views on the day after tomorrow
The film the day after tomorrow is about (I feel) the way the world will change, if we don’t do something about it now.
In the film it shows the world creating storms and other natural disasters in order to get its self back into balance, because of all our emissions at the start a professor and his team try to tell people about how the world would change if they didn’t start doing something about it soon like recycling, to help get the world back in balance.
I also think its about how fast it could happen over 6-8 weeks was when it was predicted in the movie, when it was thought to be over 100yrs down the track and over a time frame of 6-8 months. This tells us we never know when it could happen so we should do something about it now while we have the chance.
It also shows different reactions of people could have if the disaster was to happen in this life-time.
In the film it shows the world creating storms and other natural disasters in order to get its self back into balance, because of all our emissions at the start a professor and his team try to tell people about how the world would change if they didn’t start doing something about it soon like recycling, to help get the world back in balance.
I also think its about how fast it could happen over 6-8 weeks was when it was predicted in the movie, when it was thought to be over 100yrs down the track and over a time frame of 6-8 months. This tells us we never know when it could happen so we should do something about it now while we have the chance.
It also shows different reactions of people could have if the disaster was to happen in this life-time.
Beijing Olympics
The Beijing Olympics:
The Beijing Olympics started with a bang as the birds nest was on the lit on fire with a fantastic display of culture and heritage.
The ceremony had a range of diversity with the children representing all of Chinas ethnic groups and there custom dress wear.
It was like magic as those huge computer generated feet made there way though the city towards the stadium it was a pleasure to watch.
The games themselves are amazing and the areas lakes and pools that China has designed and made enchanting to watch athletes compete in as I hear the white water rafting course is the hardest in the world China has done a lot to make the athletes feel safe and made huge effort to diminish the smog and air pollution, it shows the world that china is most honored to host the Olympics.
The Beijing Olympics started with a bang as the birds nest was on the lit on fire with a fantastic display of culture and heritage.
The ceremony had a range of diversity with the children representing all of Chinas ethnic groups and there custom dress wear.
It was like magic as those huge computer generated feet made there way though the city towards the stadium it was a pleasure to watch.
The games themselves are amazing and the areas lakes and pools that China has designed and made enchanting to watch athletes compete in as I hear the white water rafting course is the hardest in the world China has done a lot to make the athletes feel safe and made huge effort to diminish the smog and air pollution, it shows the world that china is most honored to host the Olympics.
Beijing Olympics
The Beijing Olympics:
The Beijing Olympics started with a bang as the birds nest was on the lit on fire with a fantastic display of culture and heritage.
The ceremony had a range of diversity with the children representing all of Chinas ethnic groups and there custom dress wear.
It was like magic as those huge computer generated feet made there way though the city towards the stadium it was a pleasure to watch.
The games themselves are amazing and the areas lakes and pools that China has designed and made enchanting to watch athletes compete in as I hear the white water rafting course is the hardest in the world China has done a lot to make the athletes feel safe and made huge effort to diminish the smog and air pollution, it shows the world that china is most honored to host the Olympics.
The Beijing Olympics started with a bang as the birds nest was on the lit on fire with a fantastic display of culture and heritage.
The ceremony had a range of diversity with the children representing all of Chinas ethnic groups and there custom dress wear.
It was like magic as those huge computer generated feet made there way though the city towards the stadium it was a pleasure to watch.
The games themselves are amazing and the areas lakes and pools that China has designed and made enchanting to watch athletes compete in as I hear the white water rafting course is the hardest in the world China has done a lot to make the athletes feel safe and made huge effort to diminish the smog and air pollution, it shows the world that china is most honored to host the Olympics.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)