volcanoes

Volcanoes

They happen when pressure builds up inside the earth causing hot molten rock from earth’s mantle to push through the surface. Volcanoes are so powerful that large eruptions can oven effect the climate on a global scale.
When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, so much ash was thrown up into the atmosphere that the clouds blocked out the sun rays and lowered the global temperature by one degree Celsius for several months.
The simplest is a cinder cone formed when ash is in cinders; when ashes and cinders are blown out of a single vent quickly form a small cone-shaped mountain.
Similar to the cinder cone is the composite or strato volcano. Strato’s form at convergent plate boundaries, where one plate is pushed under or sub ducted under the other, the sub ducted plate melts into the magma, which is up forced up to the surface through multiple cracks, or vents in the crust the lava from a strato volcano, is very thick and slow moving. The viscous lava hardens inside the vent, and pockets of gas get trapped inside causing mudslides and mounds of molten ash called pyrocalastic flows.
Lava and ash pour out of the crater and solidify to form a steep sided cone that gets bigger and steeper after each eruption.
This is what when learnt on volcanoes in science class.

words to know about volcanoes

Words to know about volcanoes

Crust = Thin semi-rigid outer surface of planet earth.
Mantle = Semi-molten region of rock beneath the crust.
Convection Current = Movement in liquid or gas due to heating.
Core = Solid centre of the earth.
Tectonic plates = Defined area of crust that moves as a whole.
Erosion Cycle = Break-up, transport and deposition of rock material.
Weathering = The breakdown of rock due to physical and chemical reactions.
Meteorite = Rock from space that hits the planets surface.
Glacier = River of solid water, as the huge mass slowly moves forward under the force of gravity.
Lava = Liquid rock (magma) that flows from volcano.

Explosive and gentle eruptions

Explosive and gentle eruptions


Explosive volcanoes usually have thick viscous magma, which comes from melted crust or from the mantle. The slow-flowing magma often solidifies and blocks the vent. The pressure builds up beneath the vent because of heating and gas expansion. Eventually it blows out the solidified rock in an explosion.
Gassy lava froths out of vents and hurtles down the steep volcanic slopes as clouds of molten ash engulfing everything in its path.
Dense clouds of hot ash and gases rise up into the atmosphere. Winds spread ash over large areas, killing plant and animal life. The clouds contain steam, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide gases which add to atmosphere pollution.
Blobs of lava are often thrown up into the air by the explosion. They are called lava bombs and some cool into tear-drop shaped rocks.
Lahar (mudflows) occurs when ice on the slopes of a volcano melts and muddy slush is swept down the valleys.
Volcanoes that erupt gently ooze steams of runny, red-hot basalt lava. This lava spreads out across the landscape at speeds of up to 50km/hr.
Basalt magma comes from melted mantle rock deep inside earth as it is less viscous this type of magma does not tend to block volcano vents causing large explosions. Basalt lava volcanoes do have smaller volcanic explosions that may eject red hot lava bombs.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes:

Earthquakes waves rapidly transport energy away from the focus, radiating out like ripples in a pond when a stone is thrown in, three important types of waves and they travel and different speeds.

First come the primary or compression P-wave. These squeeze the stretch the rock as they pass through at about 8kms-1.
Next come the secondary or shearing S-waves which make the crust shake side ways and up and down as they radiate at about 5kms-1. Liquids absorb S-waves.
The last waves to be felt are the L-waves which travel about 4kms-1 they cause the most damage because they only travel near the surface of the crust. Depending on the nature of the crust, L-waves can make the ground roll like and ocean beneath your feet.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes:

Earthquakes waves rapidly transport energy away from the focus, radiating out like ripples in a pond when a stone is thrown in, three important types of waves and they travel and different speeds.

First come the primary or compression P-wave. These squeeze the stretch the rock as they pass through at about 8kms-1.
Next come the secondary or shearing S-waves which make the crust shake side ways and up and down as they radiate at about 5kms-1. Liquids absorb S-waves.
The last waves to be felt are the L-waves which travel about 4kms-1 they cause the most damage because they only travel near the surface of the crust. Depending on the nature of the crust, L-waves can make the ground roll like and ocean beneath your feet.

Maori legend of Mt Egmont

Maori legend of Mt Egmont

Long, long ago there was a mighty, battle between Tongariro and Taranaki over Pihanga, the rounded eastern buttress of the kakaramea range (and once also a active volcano). Taranaki, the loser was forced to leave in order that peace be restored. Wild with grief ad anger he plunged towards the setting sun tearing a long deep wound in the earth behind him. A stream of water sprang from the side of Tongariro to heal the wound and now a green forest grows in the valley of the Whangnui River.

a good monolouge

Writing a monologue:

START LATE – THE HOOK
Start at the middle or at the end.

START FAST – THE GRAB
Keep it quick and simple

TELL A STORY – THE HEART
Why you are talking what you feel has a beginning middle and end

BULID A CHARACTER – THE SOUL
Hopes dreams disappointment, who is this person role on the wall

BULID YOUR WORLD – THE COLOUR
How the see and feel there worlds spend there time there life.

BULID YOUR RHYTHEMS – THE MUSIC
Build up expand change sound and look.

READ ALOUD – THE SOUND
Sound natural does it flow what changes are made.

REWRITE. THEN REWRITE AGAIN – THE FURY
Addons and certain actions

MAKE EVERY WORD COUNT – THE EDIT
1000 words max contrary emotion.

BRING IT HOME – THE END
Start finish on the same words/ posture needs movement and sound.